{"id":7608,"date":"2023-09-05T16:18:05","date_gmt":"2023-09-05T16:18:05","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fitolympia.com\/?p=7608"},"modified":"2023-09-05T16:18:06","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T16:18:06","slug":"anatomy-of-the-hamstring-muscles","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fitolympia.com\/fr\/anatomy-of-the-hamstring-muscles\/","title":{"rendered":"ANATOMIE DES MUSCLES ISCHIO-JAMBIERS"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Le<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

Les ischio-jambiers sont un groupe de muscles et leurs tendons \u00e0 l’arri\u00e8re de la jambe. Ils comprennent le biceps f\u00e9moral, le semitendinosus et le semimembranosus. Les ischio-jambiers fl\u00e9chissent l’articulation du genou et \u00e9tendent la cuisse vers l’arri\u00e8re du corps. Ils sont utilis\u00e9s pour la marche, la course et de nombreuses autres activit\u00e9s physiques.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Les muscles ischio-jambiers ont leur origine, l\u00e0 o\u00f9 leurs tendons s’attachent \u00e0 l’os, \u00e0 la tub\u00e9rosit\u00e9 ischiatique de la hanche (souvent appel\u00e9e os assis) \u00e0 une extr\u00e9mit\u00e9 et \u00e0 la linea aspera du f\u00e9mur \u00e0 l’autre. Les tendons ischio-jambiers flanquent l’espace derri\u00e8re le genou. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Le muscle le plus m\u00e9dial, le semi-membraneux, s’ins\u00e8re sur le condyle m\u00e9dial de l’os du tibia. Le semitendinosus s’ins\u00e8re sur la partie sup\u00e9rieure du tibia m\u00e9dial. Le ischio-jambier le plus lat\u00e9ral, le biceps f\u00e9moral, s’ins\u00e8re sur le c\u00f4t\u00e9 lat\u00e9ral du p\u00e9ron\u00e9 et s’attache \u00e9galement \u00e0 la partie sup\u00e9rieure du tibia lat\u00e9ral. Ils sont innerv\u00e9s par le nerf sciatique. 1<\/sup>\ufeff<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Que font les ischio-jambiers?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Vous utilisez les ischio-jambiers pour marcher, courir et sauter. Ils fl\u00e9chissent le genou et \u00e9tendent la hanche au d\u00e9but de chaque pas. 1<\/sup> \ufeff En marchant et en courant, ils sont antagonistes des quadriceps dans l’action de d\u00e9c\u00e9l\u00e9ration de l’extension du genou. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Parce que les ischio-jambiers ont leur origine au niveau des os assis, ils sont \u00e9tir\u00e9s en position assise et de longues p\u00e9riodes de position assise peuvent affecter leur fonction.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Exercices ischio-jambiers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Marcher, courir, monter et descendre des escaliers renforce la forme fonctionnelle des ischio-jambiers. Cela peut \u00eatre un entra\u00eenement crois\u00e9 important pour les personnes dont le principal exercice est le v\u00e9lo, qui cible les quadriceps. Le surd\u00e9veloppement du quadriceps doit \u00eatre \u00e9quilibr\u00e9 avec l’exercice des ischio-jambiers.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Des exercices d’isolement et compos\u00e9s pour les ischio-jambiers peuvent \u00eatre utilis\u00e9s pour la r\u00e9\u00e9ducation ou la musculation. Des exercices qui impliquent la flexion du genou et l’extension de la hanche sont utilis\u00e9s pour d\u00e9velopper les muscles ischio-jambiers. 3<\/sup><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00c9tirements des ischio-jambiers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

La flexibilit\u00e9 des ischio-jambiers est importante pour les coureurs et peut aider \u00e0 pr\u00e9venir les blessures et les douleurs musculaires d’apparition retard\u00e9e apr\u00e8s l’exercice. Les ischio-jambiers serr\u00e9s peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre ressentis comme un mouvement limit\u00e9 lors du redressement du genou ou une crampe \u00e0 l’arri\u00e8re du genou. Les \u00e9tirements des ischio-jambiers font souvent partie d’une routine d’\u00e9tirement et de flexibilit\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Blessures aux ischio-jambiers<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Les ischio-jambiers subissent des coups lors de sports tels que le football, le football, le basket-ball et le tennis, o\u00f9 la course est combin\u00e9e avec des d\u00e9parts et des arr\u00eats rapides. Les entorses et les d\u00e9chirures des ischio-jambiers sont courantes. Les pires blessures aux ischio-jambiers sont \u00e9videntes lorsqu’il y a des ecchymoses importantes derri\u00e8re la cuisse. Les blessures de stress r\u00e9p\u00e9titives caus\u00e9es par la course ou la marche peuvent \u00e9galement \u00eatre \u00e0 l’origine de douleurs aux ischio-jambiers.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Les ischio-jambiers sont un groupe de muscles et leurs tendons \u00e0 l’arri\u00e8re de la jambe. Ils comprennent le biceps f\u00e9moral, le 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